ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To provide reference for the adjustment of antibiotic treatment regimens， identification of adverse reactions， and individualized pharmaceutical care for melioidosis sepsis （MS）. METHODS Clinical pharmacists participated in the intensive and eradicating therapeutic processes for an MS patient by using blood concentration and gene detection. Based on the literature， antibiotic treatment regimens of MS were adjusted by determining the blood concentrations of β-lactam and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole （TMP/SMZ） and calculating PK/PD parameters. The causes of adverse drug reactions were analyzed and addressed by detecting drug-related gene polymorphisms through high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS Clinical pharmacists used blood concentration and genetic testing methods to propose adjustments to imipenem-cilastatin sodium dosage and analyze the causes of various adverse drug reactions. PK/PD targets were calculated by measuring the blood concentrations of β-lactam and TMP/SMZ. Clinical pharmacists explained to clinical doctors the compliance status of patients with melioidosis in sepsis and non- sepsis stages through reviewing guidelines and literature； the results of blood concentration and genetic test were used to analyze the correlation of neurotoxicity of MS patients with B14） IMP cmin， and it was found that nephrotoxicity was not related to the cmax of TMP/SMZ， but to the patient’s water intake. After whole-process antibiotic treatment， the patient’s condition improved and was discharged， and the adverse reactions were effectively treated. CONCLUSIONS Clinical pharmacists use blood concentration and genetic tests to assist clinicians in formulating MS treatment regimens， and provide whole-course pharmaceutical care for a MS patient. This method has improved the safety and effectiveness of clinical drug therapy.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the application of individualization dosage auxiliary system JPKD and SmartDose in individualization administration of vancomycin. METHODS： A retrospective study was conducted among adult inpatients in Hainan Provincial People’s Hospital from Apr. 2018 to Mar. 2019 with intravenous use of vancomycin. SmartDose was used to predict the steady blood trough concentration of vancomycin in the initial dosage regimen， and the absolute weight deviation and relative prediction error between the measured concentration and the predicted concentration were calculated. The effects of body mass index （BMI） and acute kidney injury （AKI） on absolute weight deviation were analyzed by χ2 test or continuously corrected χ2 test. Vancomycin drug delivery scheme was adjusted for patients with ungualified steady blood drug trough concentration. JPKD and SmartDose system were used to predict the blood concentration of vancomycin after adjusting the dosage regimen. The absolute weight deviation and relative prediction error between the measured concentration and the predicted concentration were calculated. The prediction ability of the two systems was evaluated and 3 examples was analyzed. RESULTS： Predicted steady blood trough blood concentration of 85 included patients in SmartDose predicted initial dosage regimen were （11.36±5.96） μg/mL （2.34-29.33 μg/mL）； the measured concentration was （11.44±6.57） μg/mL （3.10-29.50 μg/mL）； absolute weight deviation was 22.95％， and the relative prediction error was 2.72％. Whether BMI was normal or not had significant effects on the absolute weight deviation （χ2＝4.75， P＝0.029）， and whether AKI occurred or not had no significant effects on the absolute weight deviation （χ2＝0.236， P＝0.627）. JPKD and SmartDose predicted that predicted steady blood trough concentrations of vancomycin in 22 included patients were （11.06±3.58） and （12.15±4.35） μg/mL， and the measured concentration was （12.57±4.50） μg/mL； absolute weight deviations were 18.30％ and 18.68％； relative prediction errors were －8.65％ and －0.44％， respectively. The absolute weight deviations of the predicted values of the two systems were less than 30％. The absolute weight deviations of prediction results were also less than 30％ in 3 patients. CONCLUSIONS： JPKD and SmartDose system have good predictive ability for blood concentration of vancomycin in clinical application， and can be used to optimize the individualized administration of vancomycin.